Exploring Western Prefectures
Chugoku | Japan

From Spring 2017 — To Spring 2019

The Chugoku Region; 中国地方 — is the most western region of Honshū; the largest island of Japan. It is home to the prefectures of Hiroshima, Okayama, Shimane, Tottori and Yamaguchi; as well as some 7.5million people.

It is an area of rich natural and cultural beauty; from the Geiyo Islands; 芸予諸島 — to the south, which are full of charming old-world fishing villages; stunning seascapes and an impressive array of huge modern suspension bridges connecting the dozens of islands to greater Japan; to the central and further coastal areas; full of friendly local people whom are proud of their piece of Japan — championing local delicacies; creating super cute village and town mascots inspired by nature; onto famous historical and industrial cities such as Hiroshima and Okayama.

Illuminated goldfish lantern next to a graphic map of Japan, pinpointing the southern area and kanji with the translation to Hiroshima Prefectrue, Okayama Prefecture, Yamaguchi Prefecture and Shimane Prefecture.

Why the Chugoku Region?

I have been visiting the Chugoku Region; 中国地方 — on and off for over eight years now. I first explored the region back in early 2017 with my Japanese partner. Her family is from Hiroshima City, and it was my first experience of meeting a ‘real’ Japanese family. I was quite nervous of meeting them at that time, however I needn’t have worried; they were, and continue to be very welcoming, open and caring.
Their daughter later became my wife, and we now have a beautiful three year old daughter of our own.

The first three years of visiting this area, of which this essay collection is formed, are the most special for me. It was a magic time full of discovery and exploration, getting to know a culture at a deeper level than had been possible from within the often frenetic and sometimes harsh bubble of Tokyo City, where I was living at the time.

I will add another essay that focuses on Hiroshima City, and its world famous island neighbour — Itsukushima, or Miyajima, in due course.

Couple riding on a motorbike, the driver waving his yellow glove in a friendly way. Tomonoura Village, Hiroshima Prefecture.
Couple riding on a motorbike, the driver waving his yellow glove in a friendly way. Tomonoura Village, Hiroshima Prefecture.
Woman pushing a bicycle across a hilly stone street in Tomonoura Villa, Hiroshima Prefecture.

Tomonoura village, Fukuyama Ward

Including the three photos above; Tomonoura; 鞆の浦 — is a small and cute old coasting fishing village a couple of hours drive to the east of Hiroshima City.

It’s a peaceful place for a day trip with many little cafes and a few sights to take in. Possibly the most famous landmark is the Joyato Stone Lighthouse.

The town itself is also the inspiration for the town of the same name in the Studio Ghibli animated film by Hayao Miyazaki — Ponyo.

Two young smiling Japanese women sitting on stone steps in Tomonoura, Hiroshima Prefecture.
The Joyato Stone Lighthouse above stone steps. Tomonoura Village, Hiroshima Prefecture.
Young Japanese woman poses in front of a backdrop of blurred boats in Tomonoura Village, Hiroshima Prefecture
The Joyato Stone Lighthouse surrounded by boats and many bustling people. Tomonoura Village, Hiroshima Prefecture.
Looking up a hilly stone street in Tomonoura Village, Hiroshima Prefecture.
People sit out on a wooden veranda with a Japanese garden behind at a home cafe in Tomonoura Village, Hiroshima Prefecture.
People talking inside a home cafe in Tomonoura Village, Hiroshima Prefecture.
People talking in the garden of a home cafe in Tomonoura Village, Hiroshima Prefecture.
Flowers growing tall on a tiled shop roof in Tomonoura Village, Hiroshima Prefecture.
Izakaya bar during the day with flower pots outside the front. Tomonoura Village, Hiroshima Prefecture.
Looking down over house rooftops to Tomonoura Village harbour, Hiroshima Prefecture.

* * *

Kintaikyo Bridge, Iwakuni City

Kintaikyo Bridge; 錦帯橋 — is an elegant five-arched wooden bridge built atop stone pillars. It’s not the original of course, as most things in Japan are subject to the brutal mix of earthquakes; tsunamis and typhoons, the latter of which destroyed the original bridge in 1950 after 300 years or battling the elements.

It was reconstructed to the same original design in 1953. It’s a beautiful example of ancient Japanese design and engineering and certainly worth a day trip.

Above the Nishiki River there is a park and castle, both accessible via a cable-car, and affords some superb scenery of the area.

Japanese pine tree in the foreground with Kinyaikyo Bridge in the background. Iwakuni City, Yamaguchi Prefecture.
Japanese pine tree in the foreground with Kinyaikyo Bridge blurred in the background. Iwakuni City, Yamaguchi Prefecture.
Side angle shot of the arches of the Kinyaikyo Bridge in the background. Iwakuni City, Yamaguchi Prefecture.
Side angle shot of the arches of the Kinyaikyo Bridge in the background. Iwakuni City, Yamaguchi Prefecture.
View from the hill above Iwakuni City, with a cable car in the foreground, looking down over the Kintaikyo Bridge and beyond. Yamaguchi Prefecture.
A discarded ticket for entry onto the Kintaikyo Bridge, taken on the bridge floor. Iwakuni City, Yamaguchi Prefecture.
People waving towards the photographer on the Kintaikyo Bridge. Iwakuni City, Yamaguchi Prefecture.
Two Japanese punters, wearing traditional clothing and wide conical hats, punting a tourist boat across the Nishiki River in Iwakuni City, Yamaguchi Prefecture.

Mitarai and bridges | Geiyo Islands

Mitarai; 御手洗 — is a small village and historic preservation district of traditional architecture with a small fishing harbour on the east coast of Ōsaki-Kamijima Island; 大崎上島 — in the Seto Inland Sea; 瀬戸内海 — between Honshu; 本土 — and Shikoku; 四国.

Getting to and around the Geiyo Islands; 芸予諸島 — requires driving over some quite spectacular suspension bridges, of which the Kurushima Kaikyō suspension bridge is the most impressive. When completed in 1999 it was the world's longest bridge of its type; it connects Hiroshima Prefecture; 広島県 — and Honshu, with Ehime Prefecture; 愛媛県 — and the fourth major island of Japan: Shikoku; 四国 — spanning a series of islets and small islands — on which Mitarai finds itself.

Onomichi; 尾道 —is the gateway city to these island and the bridges that connect them.

A portrait shot of one of the cable support columns from the The Tatara cable-stayed bridge — Geiyo Islands, Hiroshima Prefecture.

The 55 bridges of Geiyo

These bridges form the essential links on the Nishi-Seto Expressway, known as the Shimanami Kaido, which roughly translates as Island Wave Sea Road. It's the only route through the Geiyo Archipelago — this group of mountainous islands clustered at the heart of Japan's main waterway, the Seto Inland Sea.

It's a hugely impressive piece of civil engineering especially considering it was primarily built for the islanders themselves, rather than to ease congestion from other routes to Shikoku. One of my favourite little facts related to this is that in one of the towers of the Kurushima Kaikyo Bridge, there's even a lift that descends to tiny Uma Island, with a population of 13.

The bridge seen here is the Tatara, one of the longest cable-stayed bridges in the world. Its elegant schooner mast design is a link to the area's maritime history of pirates [Murakami kaizoku] — of which eventually evolved into Japan's first form of a coastguard.

The Tatara cable-stayed bridge spanning two islands whilst a car drive along a road that run beneath. Geiyo Islands, Hiroshima Prefecture.
A sun-washed photo of the Tatara Bridge, with a small sandy beach in the foreground — Geiyo Islands, Hiroshima Prefecture.
A wide, mirrored on the x-axis, panorama of the Kurushima Kaikyo Bridge and surrounding mountainous islands  — Geiyo Region, Hiroshima Prefecture.
A closer perspective on the Kurushima Kaikyo Bridge and surrounding mountainous islands  — Geiyo Region, Hiroshima Prefecture.

The Kurushima Kaikyo Bridge, now the eighth longest suspension bridge in the world, spans 4,015m (13,173 ft).

Note: The panoramic photo above has been reflected on the x-axis to help bring the very thin aspect ratio to life in this limited viewing experience.

Kurushima Kaikyo Bridge and surrounding mountainous islands  — Geiyo Region, Hiroshima Prefecture.
A lilac-washed seascape scene taken from Osaki Shimojima Island, looking out over veiled layers of mountainous islands — Geiyo Region, Hiroshima Prefecture.

Mitarai's exotic past

Mitarai is certainly a very cute little village with narrow walkways and lovely examples of old Japanese residential architecture. It also feels very friendly; entrances to many homes welcome visitors to the island and the village itself with displays of floral bouquets and placards of poetry.

What I didn’t know until I researched the village again for this essay, was that the main attraction until 1956 — were the women of Mitarai.

It was very famous in nautical circles for Oiran; 花魁 — a collective term for the highest-ranking courtesans in Japanese history, and a precursor to the Geisha; 芸者 — known for their more refined entertainment skills and training in the traditional arts.

There were many ‘tea houses’ operating in the area entertaining the wealthy and elite travellers that traded and navigated their cargo ships along these nautical routes of the past.

It all thankfully came to an end when Japan passed a law banning this form of traditional entertainment.

Locals adorn their entrances with bouquets of flowers and poems to welcome visitors to the island and village. Colourful flowers are in a bamboo vase attached to a small bamboo blind — Mitarai, Geiyo Region, Japan
Locals adorn their entrances with bouquets of flowers and poems to welcome visitors to the island and village. Flowers are in a bamboo vase attached to a small bamboo blind, next to which is a postbox and a short poem — Mitarai, Geiyo Region, Japan
Locals adorn their entrances with bouquets of flowers and poems to welcome visitors to the island and village. Colourful flowers are in a bamboo vase attached to a small bamboo blind — Mitarai, Geiyo Region, Japan
Locals adorn their entrances with bouquets of flowers and poems to welcome visitors to the island and village. Colourful flowers are in a bamboo vase attached to a small bamboo blind — Mitarai, Geiyo Region, Japan
Locals adorn their entrances with bouquets of flowers and poems to welcome visitors to the island and village. Flowers are in a bamboo vase attached to a small bamboo blind, above which is a long poem carved into a wooden panel — Mitarai, Geiyo Region, Japan
Locals adorn their entrances with bouquets of flowers and poems to welcome visitors to the island and village. Colourful flowers are in a bamboo vase attached to a small bamboo blind — Mitarai, Geiyo Region, Japan
Two woman waking down an old traditional street in drizzly conditions holding opened umbrellas — Mitarai village, Osaki Shimojima Island, Geiyo Region.
Two woman waking down an old traditional street in drizzly conditions holding opened umbrellas in the background, with a bright red postbox in the foreground — Mitarai village, Osaki Shimojima Island, Geiyo Region.
A bush of pink flowers illuminate a costal street in drizzly conditions — Mitarai village, Osaki Shimojima Island, Geiyo Region.
A large painted blue storehouse building flanks a narrow alley filled with traditional wooden residential town houses; in the foreground to the right is a bright red postbox — Mitarai village, Osaki Shimojima Island, Geiyo Region.
A young Japanese woman waves at the camera from a shop entrance, above her are norem; traditional entrance curtains with sinographs printed on them — Mitarai village, Osaki Shimojima Island, Geiyo Region.
A watchmaker hard at work in his cosy office workshop. Taken through the window from outside looking in — Mitarai village, Osaki Shimojima Island, Geiyo Region.
A coastal high street with shops and warehouses with signage, a sole person rides a pink bicycle in drizzly conditions — Mitarai village, Osaki Shimojima Island, Geiyo Region.
A coastal high street and a bright red gangway lowered onto a pontoon surrounded by aquamarine sea water in drizzly conditions — Mitarai village, Osaki Shimojima Island, Geiyo Region.
Looking down over tiled rooftops of residential homes, with cloud obscured islands, aquamarine ocean and a blue suspension bridge in the background — Mitarai village, Osaki Shimojima Island, Geiyo Region.
A stone lighthouse at the end of stone harbour jetty in black and white — Mitarai village, Osaki Shimojima Island, Geiyo Region.
A stone Shinto Torii; Japanese spiritual gate with the ocean, islands and bridge spanning two islands seen the background in black and white — Mitarai village, Osaki Shimojima Island, Geiyo Region.
Large old metal signs nailed to the side of a wooded shop advertising insect repellant coils and insect killer spray — Mitarai village, Osaki Shimojima Island, Geiyo Region.
Large old metal signs nailed to the side of a wooded shop advertising insect repellant coils and insect killer spray. A traditional street can be seen to the left side — Mitarai village, Osaki Shimojima Island, Geiyo Region.
Large old metal signs nailed to the side of a wooded shop advertising insect repellant coils and insect killer spray. A traditional street can be seen to the left side — Mitarai village, Osaki Shimojima Island, Geiyo Region, Japan

Kurashiki, Okayama Prefecture

Kurashiki; 倉敷 — is located in Okayama Prefecture; 岡山県 — not far from its capital Okayama City. Kurashiki has a well preserved canal system, lined with willow trees, that is crisscrossed with a network of lovely old stone bridges.

The area dates back to the Edo Period (1603-1867), when the city served as an important rice distribution centre.
In the twentieth century it became famous for being the first area to manufacture denim in Japan, and retains a healthy scene of boutique designer denim houses that attract international attention and acclaim.

Kurashiki is a living and breathing historical town, and not just a display piece like some other tourist destinations in Japan, therefore it has a good buzz and genuine energy thanks to the locals going about their regular lives; the former storehouses have been converted into museums, boutiques, restaurants and cafes — making the town a great destination for a day trip or two.

Two wooden rowing boats moored to the side of a stone lined canal with stone pedestrian bridges and two rickshaws in the background — Kurashiki Town, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
Stone canal lined with willow trees, through which can be seen traditional merchant shops, residential buildings and a bicycling in a doorway — Kurashiki Town, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
Closer perspective on a stone canal lined with willow trees, through which can be seen traditional merchant shops, residential buildings and a bicycling in a doorway — Kurashiki Town, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
Stone canal lined with willow trees in the background, with close-up of an unmanned rickshaw to the right foreground — Kurashiki Town, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
A close-up of stacked shelves selling senbei; 煎餅 — which are baked salted biscuits, in a shop window — Kurashiki Town, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
A bustling street scene with rickshaws taxiing passengers, pedestrians walking across stone bridges over the canals and tourists shopping — Kurashiki Town, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
A couple siting on a wooden bench watching the world go by, they are surrounded by willow trees that line a stone canal  — Kurashiki Town, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
In the foreground a vertical shop sign written in kanji is focused, with the blurred background consisting of a cyclist and people walking along a shopping street in — Kurashiki Town, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
A couple of tourists waving and smiling whilst being taxied in a jinkikisha; rickshaw — along a shopping street in Kurashiki Town, Okayama Prefecture, Japan

Jinrikisha

A great way to see the town at a leisurely pace is to hire a rickshaw for an hour or two. Simply ask your human motor to show you the highlights, and then pop back later for a proper mooch should an area pique your interest.

Interestingly ‘rickshaw’ originates from the the Japanese word jinrikisha; 人力車 —

  • 人 — jin = human;
  • 力 — riki = power or force; 
  • 車 — sha = vehicle; 

literally a human-powered vehicle.

Jinrikisha, or rickshaw, driver wearing a red headscarf with white sakura patterns, talking to an interested tourist with his rickshaw in the background — Kurashiki Town, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
A bronze cat figure sits on a stone birdbath's rim holding a fishing rod, and a caught fish — Kurashiki Town, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
A dark covered alleyway past a few shops leads the eye down a straight path to a courtyard garden, and a tree in blossom with bright pink flowers A bronze cat figure sits on a stone birdbath's rim holding a fishing rod, and a caught fish — Kurashiki Town, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
A bright pink blossoming magnolia tree can be seen through the dark interior windows out to a small courtyard garden  — Kurashiki Town, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
A detailed shot of a panel of yakisugi, or charred cedar wood, with a central un-charred orange coloured column of oiled cedar wood, creating a striking contrast — Kurashiki Town, Okayama Prefecture, Japan

Yakisugi

焼杉 — is a traditional Japanese technique of wood preservation. Yaki means to burn, and sugi means cypress tree.

By charring the surface of the wood without combusting it — this method of carbonisation creates a water-proof layer and also makes the wood far more durable against the elements.

It also protects against insects, rot and, somewhat ironically, makes the wood fire retardant. Plus it’s beautiful.

A detailed shot of a panel of yakisugi, or charred cedar wood, with a central un-charred orange coloured column of oiled cedar wood, creating a striking contrast — Kurashiki Town, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
An entrance to someone's home with a large elegant wooden framed nameplate, with a colourfully decorated tree branch attached — Kurashiki Town, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
A circular window looks out onto roofs and a courtyard garden — Kurashiki Town, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
A traditional Japanese curiosity shop decorated in colourful displays of pink flowers — Kurashiki Town, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
A view of an old traditional Japanese high street, with a residential building on the corner and its nearly shaped trees — Kurashiki Town, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
A typical example of a merchant shop along one of the many old streets in Kurashiki Town — Okayama Prefecture, Japan
A large wooden shop sigh hangs down from a roof, and attached to it is a glass container holding a few colours spherical glass beads — Kurashiki Town, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
A young Japanese couple wearing traditional clothes; the man wearing a navy blue yukata and the woman wearing a red kimono. The stand alone in a narrow alleyway between traditional Japanese building — Kurashiki Town, Okayama Prefecture, Japan

Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture

Yanai; 柳井 — is a small, charming coastal town located in Yamaguchi Prefecture; 山口県 — and not far from Hiroshima City; 広島市 — therefore a good destination for a day trip.

Yanai is another Edo Period (1603-1867) town, with some great examples of old Japanese architecture, merchant shops and townhouses. However, what sets this town apart and makes the streets so special to explore is the red and white goldfish lanterns that line the buildings, streets and interiors/exteriors of most shops and buildings; they are everywhere!

They are called Kingyo Chochin; 金魚ちょうちん — literally goldfish lantern, and are unique to Yanai. Constructed from washi; 和紙 — paper, with a bamboo structural skeleton. But more importantly they put a smile on your face and make the streets especially beautiful during the evenings when they are illuminated.

 

金魚

A large goldfish sculpture attached to the side of a shop building — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
A view down Shirakabe High Street lined with paper goldfish lanterns swaying in the wind — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
A shop sign in focus in the foreground, with 'coffee' written along with some simple coffee illustrations. In the blurred background is a smiling woman standing the in the shop entrance surrounded by paper goldfish lanterns — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
Colourful packets of of coffee inside a coffee shop — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
The inside of an atypical post office; every type of stationary is available as long as you want it branded with the goldfish!  — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
A large postbox shaped like a building — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
A single paper goldfish lantern hangs from a metal gutter with more blurred lanterns in the background — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
A synthetic plant's leave displaying four hanging origami goldfish — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
People walking down a road in Yanai, with an old bank building ahead of them and shaped trees to the side — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
A tree branch holding a dozen origami goldfish hanging from it's twigs. Above hanging from the roofs of shops are more paper goldfish lanterns — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
A goldfish themed manhole cover — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan

Had enough photos of goldfish? Perhaps it’s time to take a short break and look briefly at a few other things in Yanai. Don’t worry, the illuminated lanterns are still to come, and take the prime position of final photos from this whirlwind tour of the Chugoku Region — well, until the next instalment of course ^_^

As is always the case, you’ll find some superb ramen; ラーメン — in almost all Japanese towns, and Yanai is no exception.

Yanai is also famous for a sweet variety of soy sauce; 甘口醤油 — and you can visit the Kanro Joyu Soy Sauce Museum, where you can peer into the vast wooden vats and see the dark soybean paste bubbling and fermenting away happily.

A man raises a fresh amount of ramen from his bowl, with a big smile on his face as he anticipates eating — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
Entrance to a ramen-ya, or ramen noodle restaurante — Yanai Village, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
A bowl of fresh ramen, topped with a sliced egg, a bunch of cress and some bamboo shoots — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
A pine bonzai sits in a blue bowl atop a huge ceramic pot, behind is a wall of yakisugi — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
Display counter with many soy sauce related products at the Kanro Joyu Soy Sauce Museum — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
Display counter with many soy sauce related products at the Kanro Joyu Soy Sauce Museum — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
Large circular wooden vats containing fermenting soy sauce Kanro Joyu Soy Sauce Museum — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
Large circular wooden vats containing fermenting soy sauce Kanro Joyu Soy Sauce Museum — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
A maple bonsai sits in a blue bowl atop a huge ceramic pot, behind is a wall of yakisugi — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
A single illuminated paper goldfish lantern suspended in the air against a black background, more blurred lanterns can vaguely be seen in the background — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
Over a dozen illuminated paper goldfish lantern suspended in the air against a black background — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan

Washi is traditional Japanese paper, and is made using fibres from the inner bark of the gampi tree, the mitsumata shrub, or the paper mulberry (kōzo) bush. 

Washi is produced in a way similar to that of ordinary paper, but relies heavily on manual methods. It involves a long and intricate process that is often undertaken in the cold weather of winter, as pure, cold running water is essential for its production.

As a Japanese craft, it is registered as a UNESCO intangible cultural heritage.

Half a dozen illuminated paper goldfish lantern suspended in the air against a black background — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
Over half a dozen illuminated paper goldfish lantern suspended in the air against a black background — Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
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